Portugal is one of the most popular places for foreigners to buy — but the process has its own steps and traps. Here's the legal checklist before you commit.
First: get a NIF
You'll need a Portuguese tax number (NIF) before you can transact. Non-residents typically appoint a representative to obtain one. Your lawyer can arrange this early so it never holds up the purchase.
The checks before you sign
- Land Registry certificate (Certidão Permanente) — confirms ownership and any charges or mortgages;
- Tax register (Caderneta Predial) — the property's official description and tax position;
- Licences — the usage licence and, for older properties, that any works were authorised;
- Debts — condominium charges and outstanding taxes.
The CPCV (promissory contract) and its deposit terms are binding. Have it reviewed before you sign or pay a deposit — backing out later can cost the deposit, or double it.
The purchase process
- Obtain a NIF and open a Portuguese bank account;
- Agree terms and sign the promissory contract (CPCV);
- Run the registry and licence checks;
- Complete at the final deed (Escritura) before a notary and register the transfer.
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Taxes and costs
Budget for IMT (transfer tax), stamp duty, notary and registration fees, and annual IMI property tax. A lawyer can estimate the full cost before you decide.
Property and residence
Property can form part of certain residence routes, but the rules change and not every route accepts every property type. Confirm the current programme conditions before relying on a purchase for residence.